Costing Concepts aim to assist parties in specifying policy for costings, understanding how the PBO thinks about the policy space, and how we approach modelling. They will also help in understanding what the different costs in a response represent.

Assumptions in these Costing Concepts are current as at their publication date. The PBO regularly reviews and updates our assumptions when new evidence comes to light. However, the Costing Concepts may not be updated. We welcome scrutiny of these assumptions and invite comments on them. Supporting empirical evidence for these would be particularly welcome. 

Please provide any feedback (including topics that you would like further explored) to feedback@pbo.gov.au 

IN THIS SECTION

Bulk billing

Explore how we determine the financial implications of changes to bulk billing.

Concessional loans

Explore the accounting treatment of concessional loans in PBO costings.

Nicotine prices

Explore how we determine the financial implications of changes to nicotine prices.

Policies impacting prices

Explore our approach for costings that impact budget parameters, particularly prices.